FM DataSheets (FM規范）
轉載：
財產(chǎn)風(fēng)險控制（Property Risk Control）是FM的強項。FM工程師的用的是FMOS（鎖在FM工程師電腦里不許復制散播），和大家看到的FMDS不同，其中有FM條例規范的解釋以及變通的方法。多年前FMDS光盤(pán)也是要收費的，而現在已經(jīng)公開(kāi)了，可以在FM官網(wǎng)上下載，只要輸入相關(guān)注冊信息就行。規范更新時(shí)，還會(huì )郵件通知你。
雖然FM只是保險公司，它的FMDS（DataSheet）只能稱(chēng)其為技術(shù)規范，而不像 NFPA（國際認可的標準）和 GB（國家認可的標準）都是標準。但是由于FM在風(fēng)控上的投入（FM在美國有自己的火災實(shí)驗室，通過(guò)火災實(shí)驗得到了許多寶貴的參數，如：火災發(fā)展的特性、不同可燃物的火災控制以及自動(dòng)噴淋系統的保護等），他們得到了財產(chǎn)險風(fēng)控領(lǐng)域的高度認可。NFPA的標準編制審核專(zhuān)家組成員中，有FM的資深工程師。NFPA和FM有許多技術(shù)規范也是相互借鑒的，只是個(gè)別的技術(shù)細節和參數有些不同。
由于FM Global 公司在財產(chǎn)險風(fēng)險控制領(lǐng)域有著(zhù)獨特的地位，所以受到許多國際知名企業(yè)的推崇。在新建項目或者管理企業(yè)的風(fēng)險時(shí)，他們會(huì )用FM的技術(shù)規范作為要求。因此，FMDS非常值得大家學(xué)習借鑒。
FMDS分為許多大類(lèi)（會(huì )不定期更新），每個(gè)大類(lèi)又包含許多規范，涵蓋了財產(chǎn)險風(fēng)控的四大要素COPE以及Utilities，其中以各種危害(Hazards)和保護系統(Protection) 尤為重要。所有FM項目的依據，都是出自這些規范。以下是關(guān)鍵的或常用的FMDS的目錄，標紅的為風(fēng)控工程師必修課，大家可以按需下載學(xué)習，如果有機會(huì )一定要找專(zhuān)家指點(diǎn)迷津以便迅速提升，少走彎路。我們團隊內部會(huì )定期舉辦專(zhuān)題培訓，有針對性地提高大家的技術(shù)水準。
1. CONSTRUCTION
1-1 Firesafe Building Construction and Materials 1-2 Earthquakes 1-6 Cooling Towers 1-12 Ceilings and Concealed Spaces 1-20 Protection Against Exterior Fire Exposure 1-22 Maximum Foreseeable Loss 1-28 Wind Design 1-40 Flood 1-44 Damage-Limiting Construction 1-56 Cleanrooms |
2. SPRINKLERS (自動(dòng)噴淋系統）
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS |
| 2-0 Installation Guidelines for AS - 中文版 |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems |
2-8 Earthquake Protection for Water-Based Fire Protection Systems - 中文版 |
2-81 Fire Protection System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance and Other Fire LP Inspections |
| 2-89 Pipe Friction Loss Tables |
3. WATER SUPPLY (消防供水）
| 3-0 Hydraulics of Fire Protection Systems |
3-1 Tanks and Reservoirs for Interconnected Fire Service and Public |
| 3-2 Water Tanks for Fire Protection |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps |
| 3-7 Fire Protection Pumps (消防泵中文版) |
3-10 Installation/Maintenance of Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances |
3-26 Fire Protection Water Demand for Nonstorage Sprinklered Properties |
| 3-26 CHN (中文版) |
| 3-29 Reliability of Fire Protection Water Supplies |
4. EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT
4-0 Special Protection Systems
4-1N Fixed Water Spray Systems for FP
4-2 Water Mist Systems
4-3N Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems
4-4N Standpipe and Hose Systems
4-7N Low Expansion Foam Systems
4-9 Halocarbon and Inert Gas (Clean Agent) Fire
Extinguishing Systems
4-10 Dry Chemical Processing Systems
4-11N Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems
4-12 Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems
5. ELECTRICAL
| 5-1 Electrical Equipment in Classified Locations |
| 5-3 Hydroelectric Power |
| 5-4 Transformers |
| 5-8 Static Electricity |
| 5-11 Lightning and Surge Protection for Electrical Systems |
| 5-23 Emergency and Standby Power Systems |
| 5-31 Cables and Bus Bars |
| 5-32 Data Centers and Related Facilities |
| 5-33 Electrical Energy Storage Systems |
| 5-40 Fire Alarm Systems |
| 5-48 Automatic Fire Detection |
| 5-49 Gas/Vapor Detectors and Analysis Systems |
6. BOILERS AND HEATING EQUIPMENT
6-0 Elements of Industrial Heating Equipment
6-6 Boiler-Furnaces Implosions
6-9 Industrial Ovens and Dryers
6-10 Process Furnaces
6-12 Low-water Protection for Boilers
6-14 Heat Recovery Boilers
6-17 Rotary Kilns and Dryers
6-22 Firetube Boilers
6-23 Watertube Boilers
7. HAZARDS
| 7-0 Causes and Effects of Fires and Explosions |
| 7-1 Fire Protection for Textile Mills |
| 7-7 Semiconductor Fabrication Facilities |
| 7-11 Conveyors |
| 7-14 Fire Protection for Chemical Plants |
| 7-17 Explosion Protection Systems |
| 7-25 Molten Steel Production |
| 7-26 Glass Plants |
7-27 Spray Application of Ignitable & Combustible Materials |
7-29 Ignitable Liquid Storage in Portable Containers |
| 7-29 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-31 Storage of Aerosol Products |
| 7-32 Ignitable Liquid Operations |
| 7-32 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-36 Pharmaceutical Operations |
| 7-43 Process Safety |
7-45 Instrumentation and Control in Safety Applications |
| 7-46 Chemical Reactors and Reactions |
| 7-49 Emergency Venting of Vessels |
| 7-50 Compressed Gases in Portable Cylinders |
| 7-51 Acetylene |
| 7-52 Oxygen |
| 7-54 Natural Gas and Gas Piping |
| 7-55 LPG Storage in Stationary Installations |
| 7-57 Pulp and Paper Mills |
7-76 Prevention/Mitigation of Combustible Dust Explosion and Fire |
| 7-76 CHN (中文版) |
| 7-82N Storage of Liquid/Solid Oxidizing Materials (NFPA) |
| 7-83 Drainage and Containment Systems for Ignitable Liquids |
| 7-88 Ignitable Liquid Storage Tanks |
| 7-91 Hydrogen |
| 7-95 Compressors |
7-101 Fire Protection for Steam Turbines and Electric Generators |
| 7-108 Silane |
7-109 Fuel Fired Thermal Electric Power Generation Facilities |
| 7-111d Oilseed Extraction |
8. STORAGE (倉儲）
8-1 Commodity Classification
8-9 Storage of Class 1,2,3 4 & Plastic Commodities
8-9 CHN (中文版)
8-10 Coal and Charcoal Storage
8-24 Idle Pallet Storage
8-29 Refrigerated Storage
8-34 Protection for Automatic Storage and
Retrieval Systems
9. MISCELLANEOUS
9-0 Asset Integrity
9-1 Supervision of Property
9-16 Burglary and Theft
9-18 Prevention of Freeze-Ups
9-19 Wildland Fire
10. HUMAN FACTOR (人員因素）
10-1 Pre-Incident Planning
10-2 Emergency Response
10-3 Hot Work Management
10-3 CHN (中文版)
10-4 Contractor Management
10-5 Disaster Recovery and Contingency Plan
10-6 Fire Protection Impairment Management
13. MECHANICAL
13-3 Steam Turbines
13-10 Wind Turbines
13-17 Gas Turbines
13-18 Fans and Blowers
13-24 Internal Combustion Engines
備注：
規范編號后綴帶Ｎ的就是借鑒NFPA的。
當年還有一家保險公司IRI - Industrial Risk Insurer 在財產(chǎn)險風(fēng)控工程領(lǐng)域和FM齊名，不過(guò)后來(lái)慢慢分解轉型而造成目前FM似乎一家獨大的局面。不過(guò)IRI的 Risk Control Manual 也是非常不錯的材料，適合中高級風(fēng)控工程師學(xué)習，有機會(huì )和大家分享。
FM以噴淋系統見(jiàn)長(cháng)，NFPA也是相當推崇噴淋系統，所以行業(yè)內的真正專(zhuān)家沒(méi)有對自動(dòng)噴淋系統和消防供水系統不熟悉的（這些只是風(fēng)控工程師的基本功）。噴淋泵是噴淋系統的心臟，重要程度可想而知。這里，我們就稍微展開(kāi)一下，談一談專(zhuān)家對噴淋系統的選擇。
噴淋系統供水
地上水池配合地上泵房是專(zhuān)業(yè)選擇。噴淋泵通常推薦臥式分體離心泵（horizontal split-case centrifugal pump）。FM-approved柴油泵為佳, FM-approved電泵也可以接受（視企業(yè)內部規范而定）。
不是逼不得已不要采用地下水池設計。如果一定要地下水池，那么只能采用FM Approved 立式長(cháng)軸渦輪泵（vertical-shaft turbine-type pump），或者地下泵房（增加通風(fēng)等諸多要求）加臥式分體離心泵。（具體內容可以參考NFPA20以及FMDS3-7自學(xué)）
噴淋系統設計
根據風(fēng)險等級決定噴水強度和作用面積，可以用軟件做水力計算。（具體內容可以參考NFPA13或者FMDS2-0自學(xué)，對英語(yǔ)困難戶(hù)的好消息是FMDS2-0也有中文版的，據說(shuō)當初FM請新加坡華人翻譯的，雖然譯得有點(diǎn)艱澀，但還算可讀。）
管網(wǎng)
推薦球墨鑄鐵管（ductile iron）埋地加水泥支墩（thrust block）。地上鍍鋅鋼管絲扣連接，不允許焊接
分段閥推薦PIV（post indicative valve），喜歡挖閥井用閘閥也可以
噴淋頭
型號和溫度等級根據現場(chǎng)風(fēng)險情況確定
噴頭安裝防阻擋，美標國標都有要求